43 years experience Pathology. Mammary glands are slightly tender to the touch, and may become more so during menstruation or pregnancy.They become enlarged when engorged with milk. The milk-producing glands of the breast . Mammary glands are … Mammary gland definition: any of the milk-producing glands in mammals. Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal And Conservative? Mammary definition, of or relating to the mamma or breast. Learn more. ‘The mammary glands are specialized cutaneous glands that develop rapidly but incompletely at puberty.’ ‘So now that ball of cells, all of whose genetic material came from the mammary gland, the breast gland of the sheep, was implanted into a uterus, and it gave rise to this reproductive clone, Dolly.’ For the mountain in Alaska, see. A mammary tumor is a neoplasm originating in the mammary gland.It is a common finding in older female dogs and cats that are not spayed, but they are found in other animals as well.The mammary glands in dogs and cats are associated with their nipples and extend from the underside of the chest to the groin on both sides of the midline. The term mammary relates to the breasts, specifically, the milk glands in the breast. mammary gland definition: 1. an organ in a woman's breast that produces milk to feed a baby, or a similar organ in a female…. The breasts of the adult human female vary from most other mammals that tend to have less conspicuous mammary glands. The mammary epithelium is maintained as two mostly independent lineages of luminal and basal cells. The Most Surprisingly Serendipitous Words Of The Day. The myoepithelial cells contract under the stimulation of oxytocin, excreting the milk secreted by alveolar units into the lobule lumen toward the nipple. Mammary Glands, Animal: MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS. [11] A basement membrane, mainly containing laminin and collagen, formed afterward by differentiated myoepithelial cells, keeps the polarity of this primary duct tree. Under nipples: Same as in a woman, but they are extremely small, just a few tiny ducts, and lobules never develop. Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Visual Information Limited. In a few mammalian species, male lactation can occur. But a functional lactiferous duct tree can be formed again when a female is pregnant again. Most people chose this as the best definition of mammary-gland: Any of the milk-producing... See the dictionary meaning, pronunciation, and sentence examples. These hormones promote specific gene expression. The basic components of a mature mammary gland are the alveoli (hollow cavities, a few millimeters large) lined with milk-secreting cuboidal cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Side branches form from the primary ducts and begin to fill the mammary fat pad. This will eventually give rise to the nipple. [51] Under either of the two circumstances, mammary epithelial cells would grow out of control and eventually result in cancer. Mammary glands number from 2 to 20, depending on the species. Each gland comprises many lobules linked by ducts leading to a nipple. Tissue proteomics of the human mammary gland: towards an abridged definition of the molecular phenotypes underlying epithelial normalcy Mol Oncol. Estrogen promotes branching differentiation,[34] whereas in males testosterone inhibits it. 0 comment. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [22][23][24], During embryonic development, IGF-1 levels are low, and gradually increase from birth to puberty. Mammary definition is - of, relating to, lying near, or affecting the mammae. A mammary gland is an organ in female mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.Mammals get their name from the word "mammary". There are many theories on how mammary glands evolved. Dr. Ed Friedlander answered. The mammary glands of domestic mammals that have more than two breasts are called dugs. The milk-producing glands of the breast. However, as the duct and lobe structures are immature in other mammalian males, it … Then, starting around four weeks of age, mammary ductal growth increases significantly with the ducts invading towards the lymph node. Mammary glands are the organs that, in mammals, produce milk for the sustenance of the young. When side branches develop, it is a much more "pushing-forward" working process including extending through myoepithelial cells, degrading basement membrane and then invading into a periductal layer of fibrous stromal tissue. These glands typically occur in pairs and begin secreting milk when young are born. [49] This major structural change leads loose fat tissue to fill the empty space afterward. Definition of mammary : of, relating to, lying near, or affecting the mammae Examples of mammary in a Sentence Recent Examples on the Web In the coming weeks, the blind, hairless cub—which is … Word:* Part of speech: Definition:* Sample sentence: All definitions are approved by humans before publishing. Learn more. Information and translations of mammary in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. In ruminants such as cows, goats, and deer, the mammary glands are contained in the udders. Female reproductive system - Mammary gland - definition. Meaning of mammary. Start studying Female Mammary Glands. Gland - definition A gland is an organ in the body made of a group of secreting cells. "Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall, Axilla and Breast", "Mammary development in the embryo and adult: A journey of morphogenesis and commitment", "Stromal Effects on Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer", "Adipose Stroma Induces Branching Morphogenesis of Engineered Epithelial Tubules", "Key stages of mammary gland development: Molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the embryonic mammary gland", "Modeling mammary organogenesis from biological first principles: Cells and their physical constraints", "Insulin-like growth factor I is essential for terminal end bud formation and ductal morphogenesis during mammary development", "Mouse models of transforming growth factor beta impact in breast development and cancer", "Estrogen regulation of mammary gland development and breast cancer: amphiregulin takes center stage", "Hepatocyte growth factor profile with breast cancer", "Mammary Gland Growth Factors: Roles in Normal Development and in Cancer", "The potential clinical applications of insulin-like growth factor-1 ligand in human breast cancer", "Breast size in relation to endogenous hormone levels, body constitution, and oral contraceptive use in healthy nulligravid women aged 19–25 years", "Testosterone inhibits estrogen-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and suppresses estrogen receptor expression", "Key stages of mammary gland development: molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the embryonic mammary gland", "Stem Cells and the Developing Mammary Gland", "Key stages in mammary gland development: The cues that regulate ductal branching morphogenesis", "Hormonal and local control of mammary branching morphogenesis", "Regulation of mammary gland branching morphogenesis by the extracellular matrix and its remodeling enzymes", "Site-specific inductive and inhibitory activities of MMP-2 and MMP-3 orchestrate mammary gland branching morphogenesis", "Role of cell surface metalloprotease MT1-MMP in epithelial cell migration over laminin-5", "Cell adhesion to laminin 1 or 5 induces isoform-specific clustering of integrins and other focal adhesion components", "Hormonal effects of soy in premenopausal women and men", "Essential function of Wnt-4 in mammary gland development downstream of progesterone signaling", "Control of mammary epithelial differentiation: Basement membrane induces tissue-specific gene expression in the absence of cell-cell interaction and morphological polarity", "Laminin mediates tissue-specific gene expression in mammary epithelia", "Association of Race, Age, Menopausal Status, and Cerumen Type With Breast Fluid Secretion in Nonlactating Women, as Determined by Nipple Aspiration", "Normal and tumor-derived myoepithelial cells differ in their ability to interact with luminal breast epithelial cells for polarity and basement membrane deposition", "Collagen density promotes mammary tumor initiation and progression", "Conversion of the Nipple to Hair-Bearing Epithelia by Lowering Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway Activity at the Dermal-Epidermal Interface", "BBC News – The goats with spider genes and silk in their milk", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mammary_gland&oldid=995356757, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 16:25. See more. [39] Whereas, laminin-1 interacts with non-integrin receptor dystroglycan negatively regulates this side branching process in case of cancer. 1. Under nipples: Same as in a woman, but they are extremely small, just a few tiny ducts, and lobules never develop. Human Mammary Glands (n.). [46] In some other species (such as cows), all alveoli and secretory duct structures collapse by programmed cell death (apoptosis) and autophagy for lack of growth promoting factors either from the ECM or circulating hormones. These alveoli join to form groups known as lobules. [14][15][16][17] The role of GH in ductal development has been found to be mostly mediated by its induction of the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which occurs both systemically (mainly originating from the liver) and locally in the mammary fat pad through activation of the growth hormone receptor (GHR). In higher mammals each gland consists of a... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples What does mammary gland mean? Mammary gland: One of the two half-moon-shaped glands on either side of the adult female chest, which with fatty tissue and the nipple make up the breast.Within each mammary gland is a network of sacs that produce milk during lactation and send it to the nipple via a system of ducts. [5][6], A mammary gland is a specific type of apocrine gland specialized for manufacture of colostrum when giving birth. The mammary gland is a gland located in the breasts of females that is responsible for lactation, or the production of milk. A 44-year-old member asked: where are the male mammary glands? Laminin and collagen in myoepithelial basement membrane interacting with beta-1 integrin on epithelial surface again, is essential in this process. See also mastitis. Learn more. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. As one of the transcribed genes, Wnts secreted from mammary epithelial cells act paracrinely to induce more neighboring cells' branching. Mammary gland definition, any of the compound accessory reproductive organs of female mammals that occur in pairs on the chest or ventral surface and contain milk-producing lobes with ducts that empty into an external nipple, becoming functional when young are born and secreting milk for the duration of suckling. These mammary glands are exocrine, which are modified sweat glands. GCs are known to influence mammary gland function in vivo and to stimulate milk-protein gene expression in cell culture. The mammary glands are present at different locations in different animals for example theyre in breasts in primates, in the udder in ruminants for example goats, and the dugs of other animals for example cats. Mammary glands are true protein factories[citation needed], and several labs have constructed transgenic animals, mainly goats and cows, to produce proteins for pharmaceutical use. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary The female breasts. In general most mammals develop mammary glands in pairs along these lines, with a number approximating the number of young typically birthed at a time. Almost all instances of breast cancer originate in the lobules or ducts of the mammary glands. Mammary gland, milk-producing gland characteristic of all female mammals and present in a rudimentary and generally nonfunctional form in males. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. [5] Degraded basement membrane fragments (laminin-5) roles to lead the way of mammary epithelial cells migration. This condition occurs most often in women between the ages of 30 and 50 years. mammary gland a specialized gland of the skin of female mammals, which secretes milk for the nourishment of their young; it exists in a rudimentary state in the male. Mammary gland definition: any of the milk-producing glands in mammals. Definition of mammary adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Only one male species of mammal can produce milk (lactate) spontaneously – the Dayak fruit bat. mammary glands. Upon weaning of the infant, lactation stops and the mammary gland turns in on itself, a process called involution. 2. Tanaka H, Umekawa T, Nagao K, Ishihara A, Toyoda N Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005 May-Jun;15(3):568-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.15328.x. Proper usage and audio pronunciation (plus IPA phonetic transcription) of the word mammary gland. [4] At the same time, the embryonic mesenchymal cells around the epithelial bud receive secreting factors activated by PTHrP, such as BMP4. The number and positioning of mammary glands varies widely in different mammals. [25] During pregnancy, progesterone and prolactin are essential for mediating lobuloalveolar development in estrogen-primed mammary gland tissue, which occurs in preparation of lactation and nursing. Mammary gland definition is - any of the large compound modified sebaceous glands that in female mammals are modified to secrete milk, are situated ventrally in pairs, and usually terminate in a nipple. 0. These mesenchymal cells can transform into a dense, mammary-specific mesenchyme, which later develop into connective tissue with fibrous threads, forming blood vessels and the lymph system. 2. 0. The development of the mammary gland occurs mainly after birth. [17] In addition to IGF-1, other paracrine growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β),[19] amphiregulin,[20] fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)[21] are involved in breast development as mediators downstream to sex hormones and GH/IGF-1. These glands typically occur in pairs and begin secreting milk when young are born. In higher mammals each gland consists of a... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Mammary glands (mammae) produce and secrete milk and are found in developed and undeveloped forms in females and males respectively. Mammary glands only produce milk after childbirth. ), hairy bodies, external ears and are Endothermic. ‘The mammary glands are specialized cutaneous glands that develop rapidly but incompletely at puberty.’. [13][27], Androgens such as testosterone inhibit estrogen-mediated mammary gland development (e.g., by reducing local ER expression) through activation of androgen receptors expressed in mammary gland tissue,[27][28] and in conjunction with relatively low estrogen levels, are the cause of the lack of developed mammary glands in males. 0. The Dictionary.com Word Of The Year For 2020 Is …. During pregnancy, the ductal systems undergo rapid proliferation and form alveolar structures within the branches to be used for milk production. These processes are tightly modulated by components of mammary epithelial ECM interacting with systemic hormones and local secreting factors. [7], Mammary glands develop during different growth cycles. Terminal end buds, the highly proliferative structures found at the tips of the invading ducts, expand and increase greatly during this stage. Definition of mammary gland in the AudioEnglish.org Dictionary. Mammary gland definition: any of the milk-producing glands in mammals. 43 years experience Pathology. The mammary glands are arranged in organs such as the breasts in primates (for example, humans and chimpanzees), the udder in ruminants (for example, cows, goats, and deer), and the dugs of other animals (for example, dogs and cats). The mammary gland is composed of lobules responsible for producing milk and transporting them to the ducts system. Definition of mammary gland in the Definitions.net dictionary. All the milk-secreting tissue leading to a single lactiferous duct is called a "simple mammary gland"; in a "complex mammary gland" all the simple mammary glands serve one nipple. Mammals get their name from the Latin word mamma, "breast". ‘Some mutations involving the hair are accompanied by defects of the skin and its appendages, such as nails, teeth, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands.’. Many of the current theories are based on comparisons between lines of living mammals—monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians. Glandular tissue in the BREAST of human that is under the influence of hormones such as ESTROGENS; PROGESTINS; and PROLACTINIn WOMEN, after PARTURITION, the mammary glands secrete milk (MILK, HUMAN) for the nourishment of the young. Definition of mammary gland in the Definitions.net dictionary. Read medical definition of Mammary gland. Lactation is thought to have developed long before the evolution of the mammary gland and mammals; see evolution of lactation. NCI's Dictionary of Cancer Terms provides easy-to-understand definitions for words and phrases related to cancer and medicine. [4] Mammary epithelial ECM mainly contains myoepithelial basement membrane and the connective tissue. A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring. Cross-section of the human mammary gland. mammary glands - 1. (Mammals) Raccoons, bats, opossums, rabbits, feral cats and dogs, mice, rats, squirrels. Definition of mammary in the Definitions.net dictionary. In late pregnancy and for the first few days after giving birth, colostrum is secreted. Psychology Definition of MAMMARY GLAND: is an umbrella term used to describe any of the female glands which secrete milk. [58] Male lactation occurs infrequently in some species.[59]. One theory proposes that mammary glands evolved from glands that were used to keep the eggs of early mammals moist[62][63] and free from infection[64][65] (monotremes still lay eggs). Enrich your vocabulary with the English Definition dictionary Location: It is located in the breasts of females; Structure: The basic components of a mature mammary gland are the alveoli (hollow cavities, a few millimeters large) lined with milk-secreting cuboidal cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. mammary glands Definition. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary mammary gland - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. Mammary glands, human synonyms, Mammary glands, human pronunciation, Mammary glands, human translation, English dictionary definition of Mammary glands, human. mammary gland (plural mammary glands) A gland that secretes milk for suckling an infant or offspring. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. In most animals, the gland opens onto the surface by means of a nipple or teat. Female mammal composed of pair of the gland, responsible for producing milk and feeding at a young one termed as a mammary gland. Within each mammary gland is a network of sacs that produce milk during lactation and send it to the nipple via a system of ducts. Lactorrhea, the occasional production of milk by the glands, can occur in any mammal, but in most mammals, lactation, the production of enough milk for nursing, occurs only in phenotypic females who have gestated in recent months or years. These components of the extracellular matrix are strong determinants of duct morphogenesis. The protruding teats and accompanying glands can be located anywhere along the two milk lines. Mammary glands are regulated by the endocrine system and become functional in response to the hormonal changes associated with parturition. 2010 Dec;4(6):539-61. doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.09.005. As the infant begins to suck, the oxytocin-mediated "let down reflex" ensues and the mother's milk is secreted — not sucked from the gland — into the baby's mouth. mammary gland a specialized gland of the skin of female mammals, which secretes milk for the nourishment of their young; it exists in a rudimentary state in the male. However, for each mechanism the epithelial cells' "niche" can be delicately unique with different membrane receptor profiles and basement membrane thickness from specific branching area to area, so as to regulate cell growth or differentiation sub-locally. The second stage occurs at E11.5 when placode formation begins along the mammary milk line. Definition. “Affect” vs. “Effect”: Use The Correct Word Every Time. Mammary glands or breasts are milk-producing structures found in both women and men. [36] Important players include beta-1 integrin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), laminin-1/5, collagen-IV, matrix metalloproteinase(MMPs), heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and others. This process involves the controlled collapse of mammary epithelial cells where cells begin apoptosis in a controlled manner, reverting the mammary gland back to a pubertal state. What Is The Difference Between “It’s” And “Its”? Define Mammary glands, human. Mammary glands are regulated by the endocrine system and become functional in response to the … mammary glands rate (Adult / Slang) 1. [44][45] Suckling of the baby causes release of the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates contraction of the myoepithelial cells. In this stage, mammary gland development depends on systemic (and maternal) hormones,[4] but is also under the (local) regulation of paracrine communication between neighboring epithelial and mesenchymal cells by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Elevated circulating level of growth hormone and estrogen get to multipotent cap cells on TEB tips through a thin, leaky layer of basement membrane. Tumorigenesis in mammary glands can be induced biochemically by abnormal expression level of circulating hormones or local ECM components,[50] or from a mechanical change in the tension of mammary stroma. Either way, this quiz on Spanish words for animals is for you. The number of teats varies from 2 (in most primates) to 18 (in pigs). Mammary Gland Definition. Meaning of mammary gland. "mammary." mammary gland: Hormonal relationships Fibrocystic disease, also called chronic cystic mastitis, may result in later reproductive life from the cumulative effect of the ebb and flow of endocrine stimulation with each menstrual cycle; this produces nodular fibrosis—or lumps of … mammary gland n. Any of the milk-producing glands in female mammals, consisting of lobes containing clusters of alveoli with a system of ducts to convey the milk to an external nipple or teat. What does mammary mean? The word mammal is derived from the word mammary and is used to indicate animals that feed their young via maternal milk glands (cows have mammary glands in their udders.) Information and translations of mammary gland in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Other words using mammary define structures found within the mammary glands or breasts. In humans, the mammary glands are situated in the breasts. Information and translations of mammary in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. mammary gland definition in English dictionary, mammary gland meaning, synonyms, see also 'mamma',mammy',mammillary',mammal'. [17] In any case, unlike IGF-1, GH itself is not essential for mammary gland development, and IGF-1 in conjunction with estrogen can induce normal mammary gland development without the presence of GH. These exocrine glands are enlarged and modified sweat glands and give mammals their name. By the pubertal stage, the mammary ducts have invaded to the end of the mammary fat pad. The presence of more than two nipples is known as polythelia and the presence of more than two complex mammary glands as polymastia. Many sources assert that mammary glands are modified sweat glands. Copyright © 2011. [25] At puberty, the levels of GH and IGF-1 reach their highest levels in life and estrogen begins to be secreted in high amounts in females, which is when ductal development mostly takes place. Milk secretion (lactation) begins a few days later due to reduction in circulating progesterone and the presence of another important hormone prolactin, which mediates further alveologenesis, milk protein production, and regulates osmotic balance and tight junction function. Initially, the formation of the milk lines that run between the fore and hind limbs bilaterally on each side of the midline occurs around embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). There is preliminary evidence that soybean intake mildly stimulates the breast glands in pre- and postmenopausal women.[41]. Meaning of mammary. Secretory alveoli develop mainly in pregnancy, when rising levels of prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone cause further branching, together with an increase in adipose tissue and a richer blood flow. 0. At this point, the terminal end buds become less proliferative and decrease in size. Mammary glands can be identified as apocrine because they exhibit striking "decapitation" secretion. Adenocarcinoma of mammary-like glands in the vulva successfully treated by weekly paclitaxel. In some species there is complete or partial involution of alveolar structures after weaning, in humans there is only partial involution and the level of involution in humans appears to be highly individual. In the What does mammary gland mean? Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. mammary definition: 1. relating to the breasts or milk organs 2. relating to the breasts or milk organs. What Is An Em Dash And How Do You Use It? One of the glands in female mammals that produces milk. Dr. Ed Friedlander answered. 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